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James C. Neill
James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848)〔Handbook of Texas Online, s.v. "," () (accessed July 29, 2010).〕 was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina.
==Early life and career==
James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill.〔King, C. Richard, ''James Clinton Neill, The Shadow Commander of the Alamo'', Eakin Press; ISBN 1-57168-577-4〕 This Neill clan, descendents of the illustrious O'Neill dynasty of Ireland, had recently dropped the "O" from their surname to signify their allegiance to the Quaker religion. Encountering religious persecution in their native Ireland, three Neill brothers (Lewis, John and William) and their families emigrated to Quaker-friendly Pennsylvania from County Down (now Northern Ireland) circa 1730, then relocated to Virginia before moving to North Carolina by 1752. Of these three brothers, William was James Clinton Neill's great-grandfather. William's son, William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James Clinton's uncle, Lieutenant William Neill, was killed at the Battle of Ramsour's Mill. The Clinton middle name comes from both his paternal grandfather and grandmother, Captain William Clinton Neill and his wife Mary "Polly" Clinton Neill. The Clintons were family friends dating back to Ireland. Members of both families emigrated to America about the same time.〔
By at least 1807, some members of the James Neill family had moved to south-central Tennessee, in and around Bedford and Marshall counties. In this vicinity, James Clinton married Margaret Harriett Ferguson in 1807. It is likely that James Clinton Neill was acquainted with a near-neighbor around those parts at the same time, David Crockett, another Tennessean who would become a Texas Revolution hero. Like Crockett, J.C. Neill fought in the Creek Indian War, enlisting with the West Tennessee Militia (protecting present day Alabama). He enlisted on October 1, 1813 and was discharged on March 15, 1815. He participated in the latter part of the War of 1812, during the Creek War. Although wounded, he fought in the decisive battle against the Red Sticks, at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.〔(TAMU, Hardin, J.C. Neill: Forgotten Alamo Commander )〕
Neill served as a captain under Major William Woodfolk. The battalion was designated as "Separate Battalion of West Tennessee Militia". This battalion was based at Fort Jackson most of the time from late November 1814 to early 1815. Some of the men were stationed at Fort Decatur, where the remnants of the defeated Creek Nation came to surrender, seeking food and supplies (surrendering Creeks also went to Fort Jackson). One company, under Captain Abner Pearce, was stationed at Fort Montgomery. Woodfolk was a wealthy land speculator who owned a large plantation in Jackson County. In addition to potentially sharing time with Davy Crockett, during this military service James Clinton Neill may well have also met his future Texas Revolution commander, Sam Houston.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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